XELODA

Xeloda is a brand name of a general anti-cancer drug called Capecitabine. It is a prescription medicine having a registered trademark of Genetech Inc. It got FDA approval in 1998 for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer, adjuvant colon cancer, and metastatic breast cancer.

Xeloda contains Capecitabine as its active ingredient. Capecitabine is an oral prodrug that is converted into an active form, fluorouracil (5-FU), within the body. It is commonly used in the treatment of various types of cancers, including breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and gastric cancer. The specific dosage and treatment regimen is determined by the prescribing healthcare professional based on the individual patient's condition and needs.

The following inactive ingredients in Xeloda are croscarmellose sodium, anhydrous lactose, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and purified water. Capecitabine is a white to off-white crystalline powder chemically designated as 5'-deoxy-5-fluoro-N-[(pentyloxy) carbonyl]-cytidine. It is a fluoropyrimidine carbamate. It is a systemic prodrug of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine that in-vivo turns into 5-fluorouracil.

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Xeloda belongs to the pharmacological class: Antineoplastic Antimetabolites.

• Antineoplastic Antimetabolites are anti-cancer medications used for the treatment of various cancers such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer, rectal cancer, or colon cancer. Antimetabolites work by blocking the activity of one or more enzymes or interfering with their reactions which are essential for DNA synthesis.
• They act as substitutes for real metabolites used in normal metabolism. Antineoplastic metabolites are the class of medications that only act against cancer cell replication, thereby delaying or stopping the growth of cancer cells.

Xeloda comes with two strengths:

• 150 mg oblong, biconvex, light peach film-coated tablets with “XELODA” embossed on one side and 150 on the other side
• 500 mg biconvex, oblong, peach film-coated tablets with “XELODA” embossed on one side and 500 mg on the other side.

Xeloda is given for the following types of cancers that have sometimes spread to other body parts:

• Colorectal cancer: It is caused by uncontrolled, unusual division of cells of the colon or rectum in the large intestine. Some of its signs and symptoms are blood in stool, rectal bleeding, a prolonged change in bowel functioning, and persistent abdominal discomfort. Xeloda is given for adjuvant treatment of patients suffering from Stage III colon cancer.
• Breast cancer: It is the uncontrolled, abnormal division of cells of the breasts. It can begin to develop in different parts of one or both breasts such as in milk ducts, lobules in breasts, and non-glandular tissue.

Take Xeloda as per the doctor’s prescription with a glass of water after 30 minutes of having a meal. The suggested dose for different types of cancer and monotherapy or combination therapy varies. It is calculated according to the body surface area of the patient. Patients with moderate renal impairment must reduce the dosage to 25%.

The recommended dose of Xeloda for Colorectal cancer:

• For Monotherapy: 1250mg/m2 twice a day for the first 2 weeks of every 21-day cycle for a maximum of 8 cycles
• For adjuvant treatment in patients with Duke’s Colon cancer: 1250mg/m2 twice a day for the first 2 weeks followed by a week rest period for a total of 24 weeks (8 cycles of 3 weeks each).

The recommended dose of Xeloda for Breast cancer:

• For monotherapy: 1250mg/m2 twice a day for the initial 2 weeks followed by a one-week rest period combined with 1-hour IV infusion of 75mg/m2 of docetaxel, every 3 weeks.
• For combination therapy with docetaxel: 1250mg/m2 twice a day for initial 2 weeks followed by a one-week rest period; given as 3 3-week cycles.

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Xeloda is available in the form of tablets for oral administration. The tablets are designed to be swallowed whole with water, and they can generally be taken with or without food, depending on the specific instructions provided by the healthcare professional.

The oral route of administration offers several advantages. It is convenient and easy to administer, as it does not require injections or visits to healthcare facilities for administration. Patients can take the medication at home or any other suitable location according to their prescribed schedule.

The intake of Xeloda may cause mild or serious side effects. The common side effects include:

• Nausea or vomiting (may be severe).
• Stomach ache or upset stomach including constipation.
• Loss of appetite
• Dry/Itchy skin, skin darkening, or skin rash.
• Headache
• Weakness
• Dizziness
• Fatigue
• Numbness or tingling sensation in feet or hands.
• Back/joint/muscle pain
• Difficulty sleeping

Xeloda may cause adverse side effects, some of which are:

• Loss of appetite
• High Fever (above 100.5 degrees).
• Extreme Nausea
• Frequent vomiting (more than once a day).
• Severe diarrhea (more than 4 times in 24 hours, or at night).
• Red or swollen gums, mouth ulcers or sores, trouble swallowing.
• Jaundice.
• Severe dehydration.
• Hand and foot syndrome.
• Signs of a low count of blood cells.
• Heart problems
• Allergic reactions

Some drugs known to show interactions with Xeloda include:

• Anticoagulants or Blood thinners.
• Phenytoin
• Leucovorin
• CYP2C9 substrates
• Folic acid
• Metronidazole
• Tinidazole
• Fosphenytoin.

Xeloda is not safe for use by:

• Pregnant women
• Breastfeeding mothers
• Children
• Patients suffering from severe renal impairment, heart problems, liver disease, and DPD deficiency- a metabolic disorder.
• People who are known to have hypersensitivity to any of the drug ingredients.

• Avoid taking Xeloda tablets on an empty stomach, overdosing on them, or missing the dose.
• Follow the doctor’s instructions about any restrictions on food, beverages, use of other drugs, supplements, and activities.
• Avoid drug/disease interactions with Xeloda by sharing information about your current intake of drugs, and illnesses (if any) with your doctor.
• Avoid breastfeeding while using Xeloda and for at least 2 weeks after taking the last dose.
• Both men and women use birth control if in a physical relationship while taking Xeloda.

• Xeloda is hazardous medication, so store it carefully in a tightly closed container when not in use.
• Keep the bottles of Xeloda at controlled room temperature, preferably at 20-25℃. Avoid storing Xeloda below 15℃ and above 30℃.
• Keep it out of reach of small children and protect it from heat, moisture, freezing conditions, and light.

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