DIOVAN (VALSARTAN)

Diovan is a brand name for a generic medication called Valsartan. It is an FDA-cleared prescription used for controlling hypertension in adults and children aged above 1 year, either alone or in combination with other drugs. Doctors may even prescribe Diovan to adults to treat heart failure and improve the survival rate post-heart attack.

It contains Valsartan as the active ingredient and inactive ingredients: crospovidone, colloidal silicon dioxide, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, titanium dioxide, iron oxides, polyethene glycol 8000, and magnesium stearate. It has a fine white powder that is an orally active non-peptide with the chemical name N-(1-oxopentyl)-N-[[2′-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl) [1,1′-biphenyl]-4- yl] methyl]-L-valine.

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Diovan belongs to the pharmacological class of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs). Also named Angiotensin II inhibitors, this medication class reduces the angiotensin II activity by blocking the binding of angiotensin II on the angiotensin receptor. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor. It functions to widen (dilate) the blood vessels and contribute to water and salt retention in the body. Further, it helps reduce blood pressure and avoid damaging the heart and kidneys.

Diovan comes in four different strengths, packaged in bottles. The available strengths are:

• 40mg: This strength tablet is ovaloid with beveled edges, scored on one side, and has imprinted “NVR” on side 1 and “DO” on side 2. It’s yellow because it contains yellow iron oxide as one of the inactive ingredients.
• 80mg: This strength tablet is almond-shaped with beveled edges and has imprint “NVR” on side 1 and “DV” on side 2. It’s pale red because it contains red iron oxide as one of the inactive ingredients.
• 160mg: This strength tablet is almond-shaped with beveled edges and has imprint “NVR” on side 1 and “DX” on side 2. It’s gray-orange because it contains yellow, red, and black iron oxides as inactive ingredients.
• 320mg: This strength tablet is almond-shaped with beveled edges and has imprint “NVR” on side 1 and “DXL” on side 2. It’s dark gray violet because it contains red and black oxides as the inactive ingredients.

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Diovan is given by healthcare providers, either alone or in combination with other drugs for the following indications:

• Hypertension: This condition causes high blood pressure and increased force of flowing blood. This is caused by the artery wall and makes it harder for the heart to pump blood. It can be damaging to the heart and give rise to non-fatal and life-threatening cardiovascular events, primarily myocardial infarctions and strokes. Diovan works to lower blood pressure and avoid risks of associated cardiovascular events.
• Post-myocardial infarction/ heart attack: Myocardial infarction or heart attack is a condition where there is reduced or stopped blood flow in one of the heart’s coronary arteries leading to death of tissues (infarction) of heart muscles. Diovan is given to reduce the risk of death in clinically stable adult patients with left ventricular dysfunction/failure following a heart attack.
• Heart failure: It is a long-term, progressive cardiac condition where the heart is unable to fill or pump blood properly and supply adequate oxygen to the organs and tissues. Diovan works to reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure in adults.

• The suggested initial dose for adults suffering from hypertension is 80 to 160mg once daily and the recommended maintenance dose is 80 to 320mg once every day.
• The suggested initial dose for pediatric patients (aged between 6 and 16 years) suffering from hypertension is up to 40mg and the recommended maintenance dose is up to 160mg.
• The prescribed initial dose for adults with congestive heart failure is 40mg twice daily and the recommended maintenance dose is 80 to 160mg twice daily
• The prescribed initial dose for increasing survival chances of adults who had myocardial infarction is 20mg twice daily and the usual recommended maintenance dose is up to 40-160mg twice daily.

Diovan is available in the form of tablets meant for oral administration. Adults should swallow the tablet as a whole and pediatric patients can mix it with a liquid. The tablet must be taken simultaneously daily with or without food.

The commonly reported side effects of taking Diovan include:

• Lightheadedness, Dizziness, Headache.
• Flu-like symptoms, Sinusitis, Upper respiratory infection, Cold symptoms, Tiredness.
• Diarrhea, Stomach ache.
• Pain in joints or back.
• Nausea
• Itchy, Skin rash.
• Abnormal kidney function test.

Rarely, Diovan can cause serious unwanted effects, such as:

• Very high blood potassium.
• Little to no urination.
• Chest pain
• Palpitations
• Weight loss
• Blurred vision
• Vomiting
• Shortness of breath
• Fainting

Some of the drugs known to interact with Diovan include:

• Cyclosporine
• Ritonavir
• Lithium
• A water pill (diuretic) or other blood pressure/heart medication.
• An antibiotic such as Rifampicin, Rifamycin, Rifapentine, Rifabutin, and others.
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines such as Naproxen, Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Diclofenac, Celecoxib, Meloxicam, Indomethacin, and others.

Diovan is not safe for use by:

• Anyone having known hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients of the Diovan tablet.
• Diabetes or kidney disease patients who have been taking medication containing aliskiren.
• Patients suffering from kidney disease, liver disease, or other heart condition.
• Anyone on low-sodium diet.
• Women who are pregnant or intend to get pregnant.
• Breastfeeding women.
• Small children (aged under 6 years).

When taking Diovan, it is important to watch for the following:

• Before starting to take Diovan, inform the doctor of any existing allergies or medical conditions, current intake of medications/supplements, whether pregnant or breastfeeding, and other significant health-related facts.
• Make sure to make up for missed doses by doubling the dose.
• Do not take Diovan if it is outdated, the tablets show signs of deterioration, or the package is torn.
• Avoid intake of any salt substitutes or potassium supplements.
• Do not sit up fast from a lying position or stand from a sitting position as Diovan may make you feel dizzy.

• Store the bottle of Diovan tablets, tightly closed at room temperature, preferably 15-30°C away from light, moisture, heat, and small children.
• Keep away from pets.

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